Recent progress in the development of advanced biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural

Chen, Binglin; Yan, Guihua; Chen, Gaofeng; Feng, Yunchao; Zeng, Xianhai; Sun, Yong; Tang, Xing; Lei, Tingzhou; Lin, Lu

doi:10.1186/s42500-020-00012-5

BMC Energy

Table 1 Valorization of various biomass into EMF

From: Recent progress in the development of advanced biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural

Entry	Feedstock	Catalyst	Solvent	Temp./°C	Time/h	Yield/%	Ref.
1	HMF	30% TaTPA/SnO₂	EtOH^a	120	0.75	90.2	[13]
2	Fructose	30% TaTPA/SnO₂	EtOH	120	8	68	[13]
3	HMF	[MIMBS]₃PW₁₂O₄₀	EtOH	70	24	90.7	[14]
4	HMF	Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-HPW	EtOH	100	11	84	[15]
5	Fructose	Fe₃O₄@SiO₂-HPW	EtOH	100	24	55	[15]
6	HMF	C/SBA(45)	EtOH	110	4	80	[16]
7	HMF	C/MCF(63)	EtOH	110	4	78	[16]
8	HMF	K-10 clay-Al	EtOH	100	8	89.5	[17]
9	HMF	Cs₂STA	EtOH	120	2.5	91	[18]
10	Fructose	Poly (VMPS)-PW	EtOH	110	10	72.5	[19]
11	Fructose	[C₃N][SO₃CF₃]-HCSs-1	EtOH	140	2	67.2	[20]
12	Fructose	HReO₄ (10 mol%)	EtOH	140	1	63	[21]
13	Fructose	HReO₄ (10 mol%)	EtOH/THF^b	140	1	73	[21]
14	Inulin	HReO₄ (10 mol%)	EtOH/THF	140	1	51	[21]
15	Sucrose	HReO₄ (10 mol%)	EtOH/THF	140	1	36	[21]
16	HMF	S-PANI	EtOH	90	6	83.8	[22]
17	HMF	S-PANI-FeVO₄(11)	EtOH	90	6	80	[22]
18	Sucrose	S-PANI-FeVO₄(11)	EtOH	90	24	57.2	[22]
19	Fructose	S-PANI-FeVO₄(11)	EtOH	90	24	72.5	[22]
20	Fructose	PSDVB-SO₃H	EtOH	120	2	67.5	[23]
21	Sucrose	PSDVB-SO₃H	EtOH	120	2	31.1	[23]
22	Fructose	MCC-SO₃H	EtOH	120	16	63.2	[24]
23	Inulin	MCC-SO₃H	EtOH	120	16	51.3	[24]
24	Sucrose	MCC-SO₃H	EtOH	120	16	32.5	[24]
25	Glucose	MCC-SO₃H	EtOH	120	16	86.5^c	[24]
26	Glucose	Sn-BEA and Amberlyst-13	EtOH	90	24	31	[25]
27	Fructose	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀	EtOH/THF (5:3)	130	0.5	76	[26]
28	Fructose	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀	EtOH	130	0.5	65	[26]
29	Sucrose	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀	EtOH/THF (5:3)	130	0.5	33	[26]
30	Inulin	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀	EtOH/THF (5:3)	130	0.5	62	[26]
31	Fructose	MIL-101-SO₃H(100)	EtOH/THF (5:4)	130	15	67.7	[27]
32	Inulin	MIL-101-SO₃H(100)	EtOH/THF (5:4)	130	15	54.2	[27]
33	Cellulose	H₂SO₄	EtOH	200	1.25	14.93	[28]
34	Corn stover	USY/H₂SO₄	EtOH	210	2.05	23.9	[12]
35	Cassava	NiSO₄	EtOH	200	2	11.4	[29]
36	Bagasse	Zr(O)Cl₂/CrCl₃	EtOH/[Bmim]Cl	120	15	21.6^d	[30]

^aEtOH is ethanol; ^b THF is tetrahydrofuran; ^c The yield is EG yield; ^d The yield is mass yield

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