| GC-MS | 5–20 min [17] | Limited to small, volatile molecules (short-chain alcohol, fatty acid, hydrocarbon, fatty ester, etc.) |
| LC-ESI-MS | 10–60 min [14] | Most versatile (Glycan, lipid, fatty acid-derived molecules of various chain lengths) |
| Automated SPE cleanup and ESI MS | ~ 10 s [27, 28] |
| Microfluidics-ESI MS | < 1 s [24, 29, 30] |
| Acoustics-OPP-ESI MS | < 1 s [31] |
| MALDI MS imaging | < 5 s [12, 25, 26] | Preferably macromolecules (glycan, lipid, etc.) and small, nonvolatile molecules (medium- to long-chain fatty acid-derived molecules, etc.) |
