From: Comparing negative emissions and high renewable scenarios for the European power system
Fuel Type | Capacity (MW) | Start Cost (€) | Min Stable Factor (%) | Ramp Rate (MW/Min) | Efficiency (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Biomass/waste | 300 | 10,000 | 30 | 5 | 51% (43% - CCS) (1) |
Geothermal heat | 70 | 3000 | 40 | 5 | – |
Hydro (lakes) | 150 | 0 | 0 | 10 | – |
Hydro (run of river) | 200 | 0 | 0 | 10 | – |
Natural gas CCGT | 450 | 80,000 | 40 | 20 | 62% (54% - CCS) (1) |
Natural gas OCGT | 100 | 10,000 | 20 | 50 | 40% (1) |
Nuclear | 1200 | 120,000 | 60 | 5 | – |
Oil | 400 | 75,000 | 40 | 50 | 45% (1) |
Solids | 300 | 80,000 | 30 | 5 | 48% (41% - CCS) (1) |
Pumped hydro | 200 | 0 | 5 | 30 | 80% (2) |
Demand response | 100 | – | – | – | 100% |
Battery | 100 | – | – | – | 98% |