Recent progress in the development of advanced biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural

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Table 4 Preparation of EMF from various solvents system

Entry	Feedstock	Catalyst	Solvent	Temp./°C	Time/h	Yield/%	Ref.
1	Fructose	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀	EtOH/DMSO(7:3)	140	130 min	64	[82]
2	Sucrose	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀	EtOH/DMSO(7:3)	140	130 min	28	[82]
3	Inulin	H₃PW₁₂O₄₀	EtOH/DMSO(7:3)	140	130 min	54	[82]
4	Corn stover	USY	EtOH/THF(1:1)	168	2.9	21.8	[83]
5	Fructose	MHGC–SO₃H	EtOH/GVL(2:3)	120	24	67.4	[84]
6	Glucose	MHGC–SO₃H	EtOH/GVL(2:3)	120	24	3	[84]
7	Sucrose	MHGC–SO₃H	EtOH/GVL(2:3)	120	24	33.1	[84]
8	Inulin	MHGC–SO₃H	EtOH/GVL(2:3)	120	24	52.4	[84]
9	Glucose	Zn-SO₃H-GR-carbon	ethanol/water/THF (20 mL:5 mL:250 mmol)	106	1.2	86.3	[85]
10	Fructose	[MIMBS]₃PW₁₂O₄₀	EtOH	90	24	90.5	[14]
11	HMF	[MIMBS]₃PW₁₂O₄₀	EtOH	70	24	90.7	[14]
12	HMF	[DMA]⁺[CH₃SO₃]⁻	EtOH	120	15	82.8	[86]
13	Fructose	[DMA]⁺[CH₃SO₃]⁻	EtOH	120	16	57.6	[86]
14	Cellobiose fibers	[DMA]⁺[CH₃SO₃]⁻	EtOH	120	20	19.8	[86]
15	Fructose	1-Butyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium chloride	EtOH/Hexanes	100	80 min	55	[87]
16	Fructose	1-Methyl-3-(3-sulfopropyl)-imidazolium chloride	EtOH/Hexanes	100	80 min	54	[87]
17	Fructose	[C₄mim][HSO₄]	EtOH	130	20	83	[88]
18	Fructose	[C₁mim][HSO₄]	EtOH	130	15	77	[88]
19	Fructose	[C₂mim][HSO₄]	EtOH	130	30	81	[88]
20	Inulin	[BMIM][HSO₄]	EtOH/water	130	30	77	[89]
21	Inulin	[EMIM][HSO₄]	EtOH/water	130	30	51	[89]
22	Inulin	[HMIM][HSO₄]	EtOH/water	130	30	63	[89]
23	Inulin	Amberlyst-15/ [BMIM][Cl]	EtOH	130	30	49	[89]
24	Sucrose	[BMIM][HSO₄]	EtOH/water	130	30	43	[89]
25	Fructose	[BMIM][HSO₄]	EtOH/water	130	20	79	[89]
26	Glucose	[BMIM][HSO₄]	EtOH/water	130	20	8	[89]

ISSN: 2524-4469