Table 3 Preparation of EMF from biomass by heterogeneous catalysts
From: Recent progress in the development of advanced biofuel 5-ethoxymethylfurfural
Entry | Feedstock | Catalyst | Solvent | Temp./°C | Time/h | Yield/% | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | HMF | 20%HSiW/M-Ns | EtOH | 90 | 2 | 82.7 | [40] |
2 | HMF | 40%HSiW/M-Ns | EtOH | 90 | 2 | 85.8 | [40] |
3 | HMF | 40%HSiW/M-Ns | EtOH | 90 | 4 | 84.1 | [40] |
4 | HMF | 60%HSiW/M-Ns | EtOH | 90 | 2 | 83.2 | [40] |
5 | HMF | 40 wt.%MCM-41-HPW | EtOH | 100 | 12 | 83.4 | [50] |
6 | Fructose | 40 wt.%MCM-41-HPW | EtOH | 100 | 12 | 42.9 | [50] |
7 | HMF | Al-MCM-41 (25) | EtOH | 140 | 5 | 67 | [51] |
8 | HMF | Al-MCM-41 (50) | EtOH | 140 | 5 | 68 | [51] |
9 | HMF | Al-MCM-41 (75) | EtOH | 140 | 5 | – | [51] |
10 | Glucose | MFI-Sn/Al zeolite | EtOH | 140 | 9 | 44 | [52] |
11 | Fructose | Lys/PW | EtOH/DMSO(7:3) | 200 | 15 | 76.6 | [53] |
12 | Inulin | Lys/PW | EtOH/DMSO(7:3) | 200 | 15 | 58.5 | [53] |
13 | Sorbose | Lys/PW | EtOH/DMSO(7:3) | 200 | 15 | 42.4 | [53] |
14 | Sucrose | Lys/PW | EtOH/DMSO(7:3) | 200 | 15 | 36.5 | [53] |
15 | HMF | K-10 clay-HPW | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 91.5 | [54] |
16 | Fructose | K-10 clay-HPW | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 61.5 | [54] |
17 | HMF | Ag1H2PW | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 88.7 | [55] |
18 | Fructose | Ag1H2PW | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 69.5 | [55] |
19 | HMF | Silica-SO3H | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 83.8 | [56] |
20 | Fructose | Silica-SO3H | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 63.1 | [56] |
21 | Inulin | Silica-SO3H | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 60.7 | [56] |
22 | HMF | Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 89.3 | [57] |
23 | Fructose | Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 72.5 | [57] |
24 | Inulin | Fe3O4@SiO2-SO3H | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 63.3 | [57] |
25 | HMF | Fe3O4@SiO2-SH-Im-HSO4 | EtOH | 100 | 12 | 89.6 | [58] |
26 | Fructose | Fe3O4@SiO2-SH-Im-HSO4 | EtOH | 120 | 24 | 60.4 | [58] |
27 | Sucrose | Fe3O4@SiO2-SH-Im-HSO4 | EtOH | 120 | 24 | 34.4 | [58] |
28 | Inulin | Fe3O4@SiO2-SH-Im-HSO4 | EtOH | 120 | 24 | 56.1 | [58] |
29 | HMF | Cellulose sulfuric acid | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 84.4 | [59] |
30 | HMF | Cellulose sulfuric acid | EtOH | 100 | 10 | 72.5 | [59] |
31 | Fructose | Cellulose sulfuric acid | DMSO | 100 | 0.75 | 93.6a | [59] |
32 | Fructose | Ar-CMSs–SO3H | EtOH | 100 | 12 | 68 | [60] |
33 | HMF | C-SO3H | EtOH | 100 | 6 | 71 | [61] |
34 | HMF | C-SO3H | EtOH | 140 | 8 | 81b | [61] |
35 | HMF | 30% Glu-Fe3O4-SO3H | EtOH | 80 | 2 | 92 | [62] |
36 | Fructose | 50% Glu-Fe3O4-SO3H | EtOH | 80 | 24 | 81 | [62] |
37 | Glucose | 50% Glu-Fe3O4-SO3H | EtOH/DMSO | 140 | 48 | 27 | [62] |
38 | Inulin | 50% Glu-Fe3O4-SO3H | EtOH/DMSO | 100 | 24 | 85 | [62] |
39 | Fructose | Fe3O4@C-SO3H | EtOH/DMSO | 100 | 10 | 64 | [63] |
40 | Fructose | OMC-SO3H | EtOH | 140 | 24 | 55.7 | [64] |
41 | Inulin | OMC-SO3H | EtOH | 140 | 24 | 53.6 | [64] |
42 | Sucrose | OMC-SO3H | EtOH | 140 | 24 | 26.8 | [64] |
43 | HMF | LS-SO3H | EtOH | 80 | 11 | 85.5 | [65] |
44 | Fructose | LS-SO3H | EtOH | 110 | 11 | 57.3 | [65] |
45 | Glucose | LS-SO3H | EtOH | 110 | 15 | 77c | [65] |
46 | Inulin | LS-SO3H | EtOH | 110 | 15 | 46.8 | [65] |