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Table 5 Parameters used in the scenario projections

From: Optimization of energy storage and system flexibility in the context of the energy transition: Germany’s power grid as a case study

 

2017

2025A

2025B

2035A

2035B

2050A

2050B

Demand (gross, TWh)

596

580

600

570

615

560

630

Natural gas must-run (GW)

1.3

1.3

1.5

1.4

1.8

2.1

1.8

Natural gas peak prod. (GW)

17.0

17.0

19.6

18.4

23.5

27.5

22.9

Pumped hydro peak prod. (GW)

6.0

9.0

9.0

9.0

12.8

9.6

12.9

Total imports (GWh)

26,000

53,000

42,300

96,100

66,300

96,100

80,000

Total exports (GWh)

77,000

124,200

135,700

104,000

143,700

104,000

150,000

Import avg. price (€/GWh)

35,600

35,600

35,600

35,600

35,600

35,600

35,600

Export avg. price (€/GWh)

32,330

32,330

32,330

32,330

32,330

32,330

32,330

Price natural gas (cent €/kWh)

3.00

3.19

3.19

3.37

3.37

3.5

3.5