Table 2 Common types of gasifiers investigated in recent studies of gasification of biowaste

Fixed bed gasifier

 ● High tolerance of ash content.

 ● Able to withstand high moisture content feedstock.

 ● Low tar accumulation.

 ● Minimum sensitivity towards feedstock size and quantity.

Wood

800–900

[66]

Sawdust

650–960

[67]

Palm shell

750

[68]

Sewage sludge

800

[27]

Fluidized bed gasifier

 ● High heat transfer rate.

 ● Thorough mixing of feedstock and bed material.

 ● Moderate requirements of gasification medium

Pine woodchips

700–900

[23]

Beech wood

750–850

[69]

Rice straw

600–800

[26]

Wood and bark waste

300–400

[70]

Entrained flow

 ● Flexibility types of feedstock.

 ● Short processing time.

 ● Uniformity of temperature throughout reactor.

 ● Low tar production in gas.

Straw biomass

900

[71]

Jatropha curcas shell

1000

[72]

Bituminous coal and wheat straw

1300

[73]

Empty fruits bunch

900

[65]

Plasma

 ● Capable to treat both hazardous and non-hazardous wastes.

 ● Nontoxic method to destroy hazardous waste.

 ● Easy removal of ash as slag.

MSW and plastic solid waste

1250–1315

[74]

Biomedical waste

1326

[75]

Hazardous waste from oil and gas

1500

[24]